Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with progressive neuronal degeneration as amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau proteins accumulate in the brain. Glial cells were recently reported to play an important role in the development of AD. However, little is known about the role of oligodendrocytes in AD pathogenesis. Here, we describe a disease-associated subpopulation of oligodendrocytes that is present during progression of AD-like pathology in the male AppNL-G-F and male 5xFAD AD mouse brains and in postmortem AD human brains using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Aberrant Erk1/2 signaling was found to be associated with the activation of disease-associated oligodendrocytes (DAOs) in male AppNL-G-F mouse brains. Notably, inhibition of Erk1/2 signaling in DAOs rescued impaired axonal myelination and ameliorated Aβ-associated pathologies and cognitive decline in the male AppNL-G-F AD mouse model.
